Our mustache poet Mahakavi Subramaniya Bharathiar is the one who carried out many fights through his poetry such as the liberation struggle, rights of Tamils, fight against apartheid, and rights of women. A social reformer who put new thoughts into this society and thought us how to be a good civilians. He is considered one of the revolutionary poets of India.
Early Life
C Subramania Bharathiar was born on 11 December 1882 in Ettayapuram, Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu, the son of Chinnaswamy(You should note that Ettayapuram was in Tirunelveli district in the 1800s so he is a Tirunelveli citizen by birth). Father Chinnaswamy was working in a palace in Ettayapuram. Meanwhile, the mother was taking care of the housework. Bharathiyar, known as Subbaiah, lost his mother at the early age of five. Yes, Bharathiyar's mother died due to ill health.
Subbaiah, who was taught Tamil by her grandfather at an early age, started writing poems in Tamil a few years later. He went to the palace where his father worked and amazed the palace dwellers with his poems. At the age of eleven, he was nicknamed Bharati. Later he stayed at his family friend's house in Kailasapuram in Tirunelveli district for higher studies. But Bharathi's father could not give him the money. Thus Bharati asked Maharaja Ettayapura for help in poetic form but there is no information in history as to whether he got help.
Married at 13 - Bharati married a seven-year-old sweetheart at the age of 13. Now it may sound strange to hear but in the 1800s it was common for people to get married at a young age. Another blow to Bharathiyar's life, who continued his schooling after marriage, was the death of his father. Unsure of what to do next, Bharathi went to Kasi with his aunt. There he joined Narayanan Intermediate College and studied English, Hindi, and Sanskrit. Bharathi now listens to several political meetings (while in Kashi) and realizes that India is a slave state under British rule.
Career
Job at Ettayapura Palace - After finishing college with the first rank, he returned to his hometown and got a job at the Edayapura Palace. Bhartiyar's job was to read English poems,, read the news, and explain the current affairs of the country to the Zamindar. But this job did not last long. He wrote an article for a newspaper about the injustices of the landlords. After reading the article, Zamindar snatched away Bharathi's job, wondering if he was being criticized.
Tamil Teacher - After losing his job to Zamindar, Bharathiar moved to Madurai with his pregnant wife with the help of some comrades in Madurai. He also got a temporary job as a Tamil teacher at a Madurai Sethupathi School in Madurai. He worked here for 101 days.
Journalist
Sudhesamithran(सुमित्रा एक्सप्रेस) - Subramania Iyer started a Tamil newspaper called Sudesamithiran in Chennai. Iyer appointed Mahakavi Subramania Bharathiar as the assistant editor of his newspaper. This is where Bhartiyar's journalism started. He broke the prose of that period and wrote poems and essays that could be easily understood in the entire Tamil prose. Thus his poems and essays were started to be noted.
Chakravarthini - While working as an assistant editor at Swadesamithran, he also worked as an editor at the Chakravarthini newspaper. The Partition of Bengal took place around 1905. Bharthiyar declared a struggle against it with his writings. And the song Vande Mataram brought everyone in Bengal together. Bharathiyar translated Vande Mataram into Tamil and published it in the Chakravarthini newspaper.
India Newspaper - Bharathiyar was not given freedom of writing in the Chakravartini newspaper thus he joined the India newspaper. In this magazine, Bharati nurtured awareness, hope, and rejuvenation in his writings for freedom and against many atrocities.
Friendship with V.O.C
V.O.C was fighting against the British in thoothukudi with the same energy as Bharathiyar fighting in Madurai. VOC met him after reading Bharathi's spirit articles in the Indian newspaper. The two then joined in a freedom fight against the British. It was at this time that V.O. Chidambaranar started the Swadeshi Company with two ships.
First cartoon - Bharathiyar decided to publish in a different way in the newspapers about W O Chidambaranar's Swadeshi company. As a result, these cartoon essays started. He has drawn the first cartoon on May 25, 1907.
Janasangam made an uncomfortable situation - Bhartiyar, who was an ardent fan of Tilak's speech, was very proactive in advancing his speech. With his friends, he formed an association called Janasangam. Meanwhile, Chidambaram was arrested by the British and sentenced to 40 years in prison. Then the eyes of the British fell on Bharatiyar. His songs and articles were found to be illegal and he was ordered arrested. But knowing this in advance, the Indian newspaper appointed Bharathiyar to replace him with another editor of the Indian newspaper. Thus Bharatiyar escaped and then fled to Pondicherry on the advice of some friends.
End of Indian Newspaper - After Bharathi moved to Pondicherry, the Indian newspaper also moved to Pondicherry. Then the Indian Daily and Bharati joined and published several articles on the Indian independence fight. Bharathiyar wrote and published an article titled Vijaya, especially after knowing the news of Chidambaram's imprisonment and his company running at a loss. In it, he expressed through his poems that the company of Tamil Nadu is running at a loss. Although the Indian newspaper operates in Pondicherry, its counterparts are denied entry into Tamil Nadu. Thus the Indian newspaper came to an end with the loss.
The first warrant of Bharathi
Aravind escaped from Calcutta in disguise and came to Pondicherry from the police. He also played a key role in many Indian liberation strikes. Meanwhile, Iyer arrived in Pondicherry and joined. Then the three of them got involved in several affairs together. One of the most important of these was the training of many young people in weapons. Iyer provided gun training to young Indians. Vanchinathan is one of them. Learning from them, Vanchinathan shot and killed Tirunelveli Collector Ash Durai.
A further murder case was registered against Iyer, Bharathiar, and Aravind. This was the first case registered against Bharthiyar. Knowing this, Bharathiyar wrote a letter to the Governor of Chennai saying that he had not committed any crime and that no action should be taken against him and that he was living in peace.
Again Sudhesamithran - After Rangasamy Iyengar bought the Swadesamithiran newspaper in 1915, he got to know Bharathiyar and gave him the job of a writer again but with the condition that he should only write non-political essays. This helped Bharti a little from his poverty.
Returning to Tamilnadu
Bharathi, who was suffering from poverty here, was advised by his wife and friends that we could go back to Tamil Nadu. His wife said I would take care of the family needs if I went to the Kadaiyam. On their advice, Bharathiyar returned to Tamil Nadu on November 20, 1918.
But shock awaited Bharti there. He was arrested by the police near Cuddalore on his way back to Tamil Nadu. The reason was that during the First World War there was a law that foreigners should not enter India. Bharti was arrested and imprisoned under this Act. Several politician tried to free him. Thus the British Government released Bharathi but got a apology and pledge letter from Bharathi.
He wrote a letter to governer of Chennai. In that letter, I was not involved in any politics. But you did not let me run freely. Now World War I is over and from now on I will live in peace with a British Indian country.
Personal life
After this, Bharatiyar put aside the freedom struggle and went to the Kadaiyam and published all his works. Then he started raising money to get his daughter married. For this he wrote a letter to the Edayapuram Zamindar. But no reply letter was received to that letter. Only 50 rupees was sent. Unexpectedly Andipatti Zamindar helped his daughter's marriage by giving her a thousand rupees. Bharathiar moved to Chennai after his daughter's wedding. There he again joined Swadesamithran and worked as an assistant teacher. He also attended and addressed meetings held there.
End of the journey
Bharathiyar used to go to the temple every day to worship and feed the fruit to a temple elephant. Bharati did not go to the temple for a while. Then several days later he went to the temple to offer fruits to the elephant in the same manner. But the elephant was religious. Bharthiyar does not know this. Religious elephant hit the Bharathi by a trunk. Bharathiyar was admitted to the hospital with serious injuries. Shortly afterward he recovered and resumed work.
Picture of Bharathi - Knowing this, Bharathidasan wrote a letter to Bharathiyar inquiring about his health. Bharathiar also sent a letter in reply. But Bharathidasan did not believe this and asked him to take a photo and send it. The first photograph was taken on September 1, 1921, by Bharathiar. That photo is of Bharathiyar with a mundasu on his head and a twisted mustache.
Death - Shortly after his recovery, Bharti has severe diarrhea, which further weakened Bharti. Bharatiyar passed away on September 12, 1921.
Bharathiyar University Coimbatore - Bharathiyar University is functioning in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu in memory of Bharathiyar. Established in the year 1982, this university is one of the premier universities in Tamil Nadu.
Bharathiyar kavithai
Bharatiyar has written many songs for children, women's rights, and freedom. He had written to the children that there are no castes and it is a sin to divide the upper caste into the lower caste. The lines are "Saathigal ilaiyadi paapa kulath Thaalichi uyarchi sollal paavam.
Bharathiar says that women are the ones who have the qualities of fearlessness and arrogant wisdom with a vision that does not bow its head. The exact lines are "Nimirndha nannadai konda nerkonda paarvaiyaum Nilathil yarukum anjadha nerigalum Thimirndha nganacherukum irupadhal".
Bharathiyar about Tamil - Bharathi, who loved the Tamil language more than his own life, said that my Tamil language has a sweetness not found in any other language in the world. Another memory of Bharathiyar is that the hip-hop race in Tamil Nadu still remembers him.
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